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Strengths and weaknesses of observational study design features are discussed, along with lessons about how features that help assure strength might be 'cultivated' in the future. What are the reasons, and can observational cohorts be cultivated to provide strong and reliable answers to those questions? Experimental Selected examples are used to illustrate: (i) what features of research design provide strength and reliability in observational studies about markers of diagnosis, prognosis, and response to therapy? (ii) How can those design features be cultivated in existing observational cohorts, for example, within randomized controlled clinical trial (RCT), other existing observational research studies, or practice settings like health maintenance organization (HMOs)? Examples include a study of RNA expression profiles of tumor tissue to predict prognosis of breast cancer, a study of serum proteomics profiles to diagnose ovarian cancer, and a study of stool-based DNA assays to screen for colon cancer. 'Discovery' research about molecular markers for diagnosis, prognosis, or prediction of response to therapy has frequently produced results that were not reproducible in subsequent studies. Future research is needed to refine and evaluate the approach.Ĭultivating cohort studies for observational translational research. Case study observational research offers a promising approach for researchers in a wide range of health care settings seeking more complete understandings of complex topics, where contextual influences are of primary concern. In this approach, observation data are positioned as the central component of the research design. This article describes the distinctive characteristics of case study observational research, a modified form of Yin's 2014 model of case study research the authors used in a study exploring interprofessional collaboration in primary care. Observation methods have the potential to reach beyond other methods that rely largely or solely on self-report. However, current models of case study research do not particularly distinguish the unique contribution observation data can make. Morgan, Sonya J Pullon, Susan R H Macdonald, Lindsay M McKinlay, Eileen M Gray, Ben VĬase study research is a comprehensive method that incorporates multiple sources of data to provide detailed accounts of complex research phenomena in real-life contexts. Case Study Observational Research: A Framework for Conducting Case Study Research Where Observation Data Are the Focus.

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